Lesson 1 金属成形在现代工业中的地位.pptVIP

* * Lesson 1 Position of metal forming in modern industry 金属成形在现代工业中的地位 Metal forming is one of the fundamental manufacturing process. It plays an important part in metallurgy冶金, machine building机械制造, power电力, automobile汽车, railroad, areospace航空, ship-building, weapon, chemical化工, electronics电子, instrument and meter making仪器和仪表制造and light industries轻工业. In metal forming, an initially最初simple part, a billet钢坯or a sheet blank钢板, for example, is plastically deformed塑性变形between tools (or dies模具) to obtain the desired final configuration形状. Thus, a simple part geometry几何形状is transformed转变into a complex one, since 因为the tools “store” the desired geometry and impart施加pressure on the deforming material though the tool-material interface界面. Metal forming processes usually produce little or no scrap切屑and generate （产生，获得）the final part geometry in a very short time, usually in one or a few strokes冲程of a press压力机or hammer锻锤. As a result, metal forming offers提供 potential潜在 savings节约，节省 in energy and material能源与材料, especially in medium中批量and large production quantities大批量, where tool costs can be easily amortized. In addition, for a given weight, parts produced by metal forming exhibit显示，展示better mechanical机械and metallurgical properties冶金性能and reliability可靠性 than do those manufactured by casting铸造and machining机加工. At present, net shape manufacturing净形制造and near net shape manufacturing近净形制造have become the focus of studies研究的焦点pursed追逐by the metal forming circle领域. Research institutions研究学会，研究机构concentrating on the study of net shape manufacturing净形制造have been established建立and enormous巨大funds and minds财力与智力invested. Net shape manufacturing is vigorously developing throughout the world. By the application of cold extrusion冷挤压, cold heading冷镦, precision die forging精密模锻, special rolling特殊滚压, fine blanking精冲, spinning旋压, multi-ram forging多向模锻, multi-position pressing多工位压制, high-speed pressing with progressive dies级进模高速冲压, powder forging粉末锻压, super plastic forming超塑性成形and laser pr