曼昆经济学原理16.ppt

* 17 * 19 * 19 * 17 * 20 * 17 * 17 * 17 * 21 * 17 * 22 * 22 * 23 * 23 * 24 * 24 * * * * * Summary The prisoners’ dilemma shows that self-interest can prevent people from maintaining cooperation, even when cooperation is in their mutual self-interest. The logic of the prisoners’ dilemma applies in many situations, including oligopolies. 小结 囚徒困境表明，自利使人们即使在合作符合他们共同利益的时候也无法维持合作。 囚徒困境的逻辑适用于许多情况，包括军备竞赛、作广告、共有资源问题和寡头。 Summary 小结 Policymakers use the antitrust laws to prevent oligopolies from engaging in behavior that reduces competition. 决策者采用反托拉斯法来防止寡头从事减少竞争的行为。 * * 7 * 7 * 8 * 8 * 9 * * *