Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): biological functions and potential drug targets.pdf

Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): biological functions and potential drug targets.pdf

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Pharm acol a SInica Acta ogic (2012)33:363-371 12CPsandslMM l . @@22OO12CPSandSJMMAIlrightsreserved1671-4083/12$3~22.O000 @■ WWW.nature.com/aps Review OrphanGprotein-coupledreceptors(GPCRs): biologicalfunctionsandpotentialdrugtargets Xiao.1ongTANG ,YingWANG ,Da.1iLI,JianLUO一,Ming-yaoLIU’_ ShanghaiKeyLaboratoryofRegulatoryBiology,InstituteofBiomedicalSciencesandSchoolofLifeSciences,EastChinaNormalUni- versity,Shanghai200241,China;2AIkekInstituteofBiosciencesandTechnoloyg,TexasAM UniversityHealthScienceCente~Hous— ton,Texas7703o,USA ThesuperfamilyofGprotein—coupledreceptors(GPCRs)includesatIeast800seven-transmembranereceptorsthatparticipatein diversephysiologicalandpathologicalfunctions.GPCRsarethemostsuccessfuItargetsofmodernmedicine,andapproximately36% ofmarketedpharmaceuticalstargethumanGPCRs.However。theendogenousIigandsofmorethan140GPCRsremainunidentified, IeavingthenaturaIfunctionsofthoseGPCRsindoubt.Thesearetheso—calledorphanGPCRs.agreatSOUrceofdrugtargets.This reviewfocusesonthesignalingtransductionpathwaysoftheAdhesionGPCRfamily,theLGRsubfamily,andthePSGRsubfamily,and theirpotentiaIfunctionsjnimmunology,development.andcancers.Inthisreview,wepresentthecurrentapproachesanddifficulties oforphanGPCRdeorphanizationandcharacterization. Keywords:Gprotein—coupledreceptors;orphanGPCR;deorphanization;AdhesionGPCRfamily;LGRsubfamily;PSGR;Gpr48/Lgr4 ActaPharmacologicaSinica(2012)33:363—371;doi:10.0138/aps.2011.201;publishedonline27Feb2012 Introduction Frizzled~Taste2,andSecretinI.AmongthefiveGPCRsfamilies, GPCRsrepresentthelargest

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