Katsnelson M I Graphene New Bridge Between Condensed Matter Physics And Quantum Electrodynamics英文电子书.pdfVIP

Graphene: new bridge between condensed matter physics and quantum electrodynamics M. I. Katsnelson1 and K. S. Novoselov2 1Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands 7 0 2Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, 0 2 University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK r a Abstract M 4 Graphene is the first example of truly two-dimensional crystals - it’s just one layer of carbon 1 atoms. It turns out to be a gapless semiconductor with unique electronic properties resulting from 1 the fact that charge carriers in graphene demonstrate charge-conjugation symmetry between elec- v 4 7 trons and holes and possess an internal degree of freedom similar to “chirality” for ultrarelativistic 3 3 elementary particles. It provides unexpected bridge between condensed matter physics and quan- 0 7 tum electrodynamics (QED). In particular, the relativistic Zitterbewegung leads to the minimum 0 / 2 t conductivity of order of conductance quantum e /h in the limit of zero doping; the concept of a m Klein paradox (tunneling of relativistic particles) provides an essential insight into electron prop- - d agation through potential barriers; vacuum polarization around charge impurities is essential for n o understanding of high electron mobility in graphene; index theorem explains anomalous quantum c : v Hall effect. i X r a Keywords: Graphene; Transport Properties; Electron Mobility; Scattering Processes; Quantum Hall Effect;