热处理课程设计---950℃中温井式电阻炉的设计.doc

摘 要 本次课程设计《热处理设备课程设计》是热处理设备实践教学环节的重要组成部分，其目的是通过课程设计加深对本课程基础知识的理解，提高综合运用知识的能力；掌握本课程的主要内容、工程设计或撰写论文的步骤和方法；提高制图能力，学会应用有关设计资料进行设计计算和理论分析的方法，以提高独立分析问题、解决问题的能力。 本设计是950℃中温井式电阻炉的设计，实际生产率为90kg/h。首先选择15CrMo阀座的热处理工艺，选择其中的正火和低温回火，分析其工艺特点，画出工艺曲线，然后通过合理的选择炉体材料和估算炉衬厚度，校核炉衬厚度以及表面温度来确定炉体结构，应用热平衡计算法确定炉子的加热功率，分析蓄热散热，估算空炉升温时间等，最后根据炉子的技术参数合理的选择电热元件，并分析其接线方式和布置方法，完成整个炉子的设计。 关键词：中温井式电阻炉，热处理，热流密度，散热损失 目 录 15CrMo阀座的热处理工艺设计··········································03 2.炉型的选择···························································04 3.确定炉体结构和尺寸···················································04 4.炉衬材料的确定和厚度估算·············································05 5.炉衬厚度的校核·······················································06 6.砌体平均表面积计算···················································08 7.计算炉子功率·························································09 8.炉子热效率计算······················································13 9.炉子空载功率计算····················································13 10.空炉升温时间计算····················································13 11.功率的分配与接线····················································16 12.电热元件材料选择及计算··············································16 13.炉子技术指标························································19 14.编制使用说明书······················································19 15.参考文献····························································19 16.致谢································································20 1 15CrMo阀座的热处理工艺设计 多品种，小批量，工件最长2.1m，周期式长时间生产。热处理最高工作温度为950℃。 炉外壁温度小于60℃。 1.1 15CrMo阀座加工制造工艺流程 正火→机械加工→渗碳→淬火→回火→检验→成品 15CrMo 正火920±10℃ 0.5h 空冷 渗碳 930±10℃ 6~8h 空冷 淬火 840±10℃ 1h 油冷 回火180±10℃ 1.5h 空冷 1.2 正火和回火的热处理参数 加热温度 加热方法 加热介质 保温时间 冷却方法 冷却介质 最终组织 正火 920℃ 中温井炉 空气 0.5h 出炉空冷 空气 细P+F 回火 180℃ 中温井炉 空气 1.5h 出炉空冷 空气 M+碳化物 1.3 热处理工艺曲线 1.4 常见热处理缺陷 过烧：由于加热温度过高，出现晶界氧化，甚至晶界局部熔化，造成工件报废。 裂纹 淬火温度过高，回火不足可造成工件残余应力大，即使在合理的磨削条件下也可能产生磨削裂纹。 变形（翘曲）：各道冷、热加工工序都应尽量减少引入的应力，在磨削之间插入人工时效。另外，应特别强调磨削过程中应经常