微生物精品教学（汕头大学）真菌Medical Mycology.pptVIP

Medical Mycology  Introduction Importance of fungi to humans Food production Medicine production antibiotics Kingdom of Fungi Zygomycota（接合菌门） Ascomycota（子囊菌门） Basidiomycota（担子菌门） Chytridiomycota（壶菌门） imperfect fungi （半知菌亚门） General properties Fungus, fungi Eukaryotic organism devoid of chlorophyll lead a heterotrophic existence as saprobes, symbionts, commensals, parasites have a rigid cell wall composed of chitin and glucan A cell membrane composed of ergosterol Morphology and structure Unicellular : Yeast Yeast-like Multicellular (molds) -filamentous fungus -threadlike tubular structures “hyphae” Hyphae（菌丝）, mycelium（菌丝体） Hyphae are either coenocytic or septate divided by cross-wall.  3 types of mycelium Vegetative mycelium Aerial mycelium Reproductive mycelium Dimorphic fungus Reproduction: Spores（孢子）：sexual and asexual Sexual spore Zygospore （接合孢子） Ascospore （子囊孢子） Basidiospore （担孢子） Oospore （卵孢子） Asexual spore Conidium（分生孢子） Sporangiospore （孢子囊孢子）  Sporangiospore（孢子囊孢子） 2. Culture Sabouraud medium pH 4-6, 22-28 ℃, some deep pathogenic fungi need 37 ℃ aerobic Slow growth: 4 weeks Reproduction Asexual: budding, binary fission, septa or disruption of hypha Sexual 3 types colonies Yeast type Yeast-like type Filamentous type Dimorphic fungus 3. Resistance Resistant to dry, sunlight, UV light and many chemicals, antibiotics Sensitive to wet heat, antifungal agents II Pathogenicity and Immunity Pathogenicity – 5 types of mycotic diseases Exogenous infection -Pathogenetic fungi Endogenous infection -Opportunistic fungi Hypersensitivity -an allergic reaction to molds and spores Mycotoxicosis : mycotoxin Mycotoxin and tumor: Aflatoxin Immunity Nonspecific immunity skin and mucous barrier, phagocyte, etc Specific immunity humoral immunoresponse cellullar immunologic response ,Th1 III Microbiological diagnosis Detection of pathogen and products Detect the fungi Mi