运动解剖学骨骼学.ppt

 绪论 人体的构成 解剖学基本术语 人体的构成 细胞 组织 器官 系统 构成人体的组织 上皮 肌肉 神经 结缔组织 人体的系统 运动系统 消化系统 呼吸系统 泌尿系统 生殖系统 脉管系统 神经系统 感觉器官 内分泌系统 免疫系统 解剖学基本术语 Descriptive anatomical terms The anatomical position: (解剖学姿势) The body is upright, legs together, and directed forwards. The palms are turned forward, with the thumbs laterally. Anatomical axes and planes （轴与面） Axis 轴： Vertical axis 垂直轴 Sagittal axis 矢状轴 Coronal axis 冠状轴 Plane面: Sagittal plane 矢状面 Coronal plane 冠状面 Horizontal plane 水平面 或transverse plane 横切面 轴和面 轴和面 The terms of the direction (方位术语) superior 上, inferior 下 anterior (ventral) 前 ( 腹侧 ) posterior (dorsal) 后 ( 背侧 ) medial 内侧, lateral 外侧 internal 内, external 外 superficial 浅, profound 深 proximal 近侧, distal 远侧 ulnar 尺侧, radial 桡侧 tibial 胫侧，fibular 腓侧 The Locomotor System 运动系统 The Locomotor System 运动系统 运动系统由bone 骨、joints关节和muscles 骨骼肌组成，占成人体重60% 骨起杠杆作用 关节是运动的枢纽 骨骼肌是动力器官 功能: support 支持 Protection 保护 Locomotion 运动 The Locomotor System 运动系统 骨学 关节学 肌肉学 Introduction of the osteology 骨学总论 Bones in adult are 206 in number. Classification of bone 骨的分类 Bones are classified according to their position and shape The position can be: skull 颅骨 bones of trunk 躯干骨 appendicular skeleton 四肢骨 Types of shape include: long bone 长骨 short bone 短骨 flat bone 扁骨 irregular bone不规则骨 sesamoid obone籽骨 General structures of bone骨的构造 Bone substance 骨质 Periosteum 骨膜 Bone marrow 骨髓 General structures of bone骨的构造 Bone substance 骨质 compact bone 骨密质 spongy bone 骨松质 呈海绵状，由trabeculae骨小梁构成 ※In the flat bones of the skull, the layers of compact bone are called the outer plate and inner plate外板和内板, while the layer of spongy bone is called the diplo? 板障 General structures of bone骨的构造 Periosteum 骨膜: Outer or fibrous layer Inner layer is vascular and provides the underlying bone with nutrition. It also contains osteoblasts(成骨细胞) Bone marrow 骨髓 Red marrow 红骨髓: haematopoietic 造血 Yellow marrow黄骨髓: fatty Chemical composition and physical p