第四讲射线和物质相互作用（4）.pptVIP

谢谢！ 2 中子源 1) 241Am-Be中子源。 属于(?,n)型中子源。由241Am放射源放出的?粒子，打在Be上发生反应，产生中子。 性能：中子产额——2.2×106/s.Ci T1/2＝433年； (1) 同位素中子源 中子能量为0.1~11.2MeV，平均5MeV； n/?比(中子?强度比)为10:1； 2) (?,n)型中子源。 利用(?,n)反应获得中子。 优点：中子能量单一； 缺点：中子产额低，装置体积大。 3) 自发裂变中子源 自发裂变中子源为超铀元素。以252Cf (锎)最常用。1克252Cf 发射中子率为2.31×1013个中子。半衰期：T1/2(自发裂变)＝85.5a，T1/2(?衰变)＝2.64a。中子平均能量为2.2MeV。 2、加速器中子源 可以在相当宽的能区内获得单能中子源。 主要反应： 对放能反应，如2H(d,n)3He，3H(d,n)4He，当入射氘核能量不高时( Td ?200KeV )，反应就可以有效进行，当?＝90?时，就可得到能量分别为~2.5MeV和~14MeV的单能中子。 3、反应堆中子源 宽中子能量：0.001eV~十几MeV 高中子通量： * 第四讲 射线与物质的相互作用（4） Radiation Interactions with Matter 中子与物质的相互作用 A. Spontaneous Fission 自发裂变源 1) The most common spontaneous fission source is 252Cf; 2) Half-time:2.65y; 3) the dominant decay mechanism is α decay; 4) the energy spectrum of neutrons is plotted in fig. 1-10. 1 Neturon Source Several different target materials can lead to (α, n) reactions for the alpha particle energies which are readily available in radioactive decay. The maximum neutron yield is obtained with Be as the target: 2) The 239Pu/Be sources is probably the most widely used of the (α, n) isotopic neutron sources, see table 1-6. B. Radioisotope (α, n) Sources同位素源 It’s Q-value:5.71MeV. Some radioisotope gamma-ray emitters can also be used to produce neutrons when combined with an appropriate target material. The resulting photoneutron sources are based on supplying sufficient excitation energy to a target by absorption of gamma-ray photon to allow the emission of free neutron. Only two target nuclei, 9Be and 2H, are of any practical signification for radioisotope source. C. Photoneutron Sources 1) The main disadvantage of photoneutron sources: It is needed that very large gamma-ray activities must be used in order to produce neutron sources of attractive intensity. one gamma ray (105 or 106) → one neutron 2) Some of the more common gamma-ray emitters are 226Ra, 124Sb, 72Ga, 140La and 24Na. Notes: Because alpha particles are the only heavy charged particles with low z conven