数据与计算机通信 16.ppt

2002/6/30 Introduction Range of technologies Fast and Gigabit Ethernet Fibre Channel High Speed Wireless LANs (see Chapter 17) 16.1 Why High Speed LANs? Office LANs used to provide basic connectivity Connecting PCs and terminals to mainframes and midrange systems that ran corporate applications Providing workgroup connectivity at departmental level Traffic patterns light Emphasis on file transfer and electronic mail Speed and power of PCs has risen Graphics-intensive applications and GUIs MIS organizations recognize LANs as essential Began with client/server computing Now dominant architecture in business environment Intranetworks Frequent transfer of large volumes of data? Applications Requiring High Speed LANs Centralized server farms中央服务器集群 User needs to draw huge amounts of data from multiple centralized servers E.g. Color publishing Servers contain tens of gigabytes of image data Downloaded to imaging workstations Power workgroups超级工作组 Small number of cooperating users Draw massive data files across network E.g. Software development group testing new software version or computer-aided design (CAD) running simulations High-speed local backbone高速本地干线 Processing demand grows LANs proliferate at site High-speed interconnection is necessary 16.2 Ethernet (CSMA/CD)以太网 Carriers Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection Xerox – Ethernet Xerox/DEC/Intel 3com IEEE 802.3 16.2.1 IEEE802.3 Medium Access Control Random Access Stations access medium randomly Contention Stations content for time on medium ALOHA Packet Radio When station has frame, it sends Station listens (for max round trip time)plus small increment If ACK, fine. If not, retransmit If no ACK after repeated transmissions, give up Frame check sequence (as in HDLC) If frame OK and address matches receiver, send ACK Frame may be damaged by noise or by another station transmitting at the same time (collision) Any overlap of frames causes collision Max utilization 18% Slotted ALOHA Time in unif