Epidemiology流行病学.ppt

Epidemiology Epidemiology Epi----on、 at、 upon、 by demos----common people Or citizenry ologoy----the study of Definition of Epidemiology Study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems ----John Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology Epidemiology focuses on What : states, events Who: race, sex, age When: time Where: place Why: causes How: control History Modern era Hippocrates (c. 460 – c. 370 BC) ‘sickness of the human body to be caused by an imbalance of the four Humors(air, fire, water and earth “atoms”)’ endemic 、 epidemic  Dr. John Snow famous for his investigations into the causes of the 19th century cholera epidemics（霍乱） and is also known as the father of (modern) epidemiology. Map of Central London 1853 He began with noticing the significantly higher death rates in two areas supplied by Southwark Company. His identification of the Broad Street pump as the cause of the Soho epidemic is considered the classic example of epidemiology. Snow used chlorine in an attempt to clean the water and removed the handle; this ended the outbreak. Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill Lent very strong statistical support to the suspicion that tobacco smoking was linked to lung cancer. （1954） Modern Area molecular epidemiology the scope of epidemiology 1. Describing the distribution of disease and health status characteristics 2.Studying on the causes and factors affecting the popular 5.Be used in medical, health, decision-making and evaluation of health services 4.researching on disease prevention and control 3.being applied to the diagnosis, clinical judgement and selecting treatment programmes differents time people area 、、、 age sex race 、、、 The mentally ill Neuropathy Cardiovascular disease Diabetes mellitus Af