辽西地区先秦时期马具与马车-中国考古.PDFVIP

辽西地区先秦时期马具与马车 田立坤 关键词：辽西地区  马衔  马镳  马车  先秦时期 KEYWORDS: Western Liaoning Mouthpieces Bits (Horse Fittings) Horse-drawn Vehicles Pre-Qin Period ABSTRACT: In the western Liaoning area during the pre-Qin period, the jointing of the mouthpieces and cheekpieces of the horse bits had three methods: cheekpieces getting through the mouthpiece, mouthpiece getting through the cheekpieces and the mouthpiece and cheekpieces made as a whole. In addition to the function of controlling the mouthpiece from getting out of the horse mouth, the cheekpieces also played the role of joining the horse bit with the bridle. The horse and horse-drawn vehicle fittings buried as grave goods are usually in fixed assemblages: every two mouthpieces are accompanied by four cheekpieces, and four mouthpieces are accompanied by eight cheekpieces. In the valleys of the Daling and Xiaoling Rivers to the east of Nuluerhu Shan Mountains, the assemblage is usually two mouthpieces are accompanied by four cheekpieces and two axle caps. During the period of Weiyingzi Culture, horses have been introduced into the western Liaoning area and were mainly used to draw vehicles. 辽西地区是指自然地理意义上的医巫闾 出土1块刻划有两辆方舆双轮独辀马车的刻 山以西的西拉木伦河、老哈河、大凌河、小凌 纹骨板，说明当时辽西地区使用马车。 河流域，包括今内蒙古赤峰市和辽宁朝阳、 不少学者对辽西地区出土的先秦时期马 锦州、葫芦岛、阜新五市。这一地区发现先秦 具进行过研究，如翟德芳对辽西地区出土马 [15] 时期马具与车器的地点有：内蒙古赤峰市宁城 衔、马镳的相互关系和年代做过讨论 ，邵会 [1] [2] 县南山根 、小黑石沟 、汐子北山嘴、天巨 秋对包括辽西地区在内的北方地区的金属马衔 [3] [4] [5] [16]