计算机辅助设计（长安大学）Chapter 5 Graphic Processing-2D 3D transformation.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Graphic Processing Why 2D/3D transformations? Rotation Translation Scaling Zoom in Zoom out For viewing, visualization, modification How? Points transformation and representation 1. Scaling Scaling alters the size of an object. Scaling is relative to the the origin. Scale factors between 0 and 1 downsizing objects. Scale factors greater than 1 enlarge objects. 1. Scaling We can write the components: x’= a ? x y’ = d ? y or in matrix form: P’(x’,y’) = P(x,y) ? Ts 1. Scaling Scaling means multiplying each of its components by a scalar Uniform scaling means scalars are same for all the components: 1. Scaling Non-uniform scaling: different scalars per component: 2. Reflect scaling We write a scale matrix as: Scaling also translates objects; away from the origin if the scalar is greater than 1, or towards the origin if the scalar is less than 1. What does scaling by 1 do? What is that matrix called? What does scaling by a negative value do? (see text book for reflection transformations) 3. Shear transformations Shear: x-direction y-direction 3.1 X-direction shear 3.2 Y-direction shear 以x=0为参考轴 4. Rotation A rotation repositions all points in an object along a circular path in the plane centered at the pivot. First, we’ll assume the pivot is at the origin. 2-D Rotation 2-D Rotation This is easy to capture in matrix form: P = P ? R Even though sin(q) and cos(q) are nonlinear functions of q, x’ is a linear combination of x and y y’ is a linear combination of x and y 2-D Rotation 2-D rotations with Complex: x’ + y’i = (x + yi) ? (a + bi) = (ax – by) + (ay + bx)i x’ is a linear combination of x and y y’ is a linear combination of x and y 5.5.2 Translation A translation moves all points in an object along a straight-line path to a new position. The path is represented by a vector, called