浅析虚拟语气的用法.docVIP

精品论文 参考文献 浅析虚拟语气的用法 李　芳　甘肃省定西市临洮县第三中学　730514 虚拟语气在英语学习中作为一种修辞手法，经常用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测以及建议、主张等，也可以出现在用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等情感浓厚的语句中。同时，在许多情况下，虚拟语气使说话人的语气显得委婉，能使说话人把自己的想法巧妙地表达出来。因此，在中学阶段让学生对虚拟语气有一定的掌握并达到运用的水平至关重要。 一、含有虚拟条件状语的虚拟句 1.条件表示与过去事实相反。 条件句中用过去完成时态，主句中用“情态动词（should、could、would、might）+动词不定式”的完成时态。 例如：If you had come here yesterday，you might have met the filmstar. 2.条件表示与现在事实相反。 条件句中用一般过去式 (系动词be用were)，主句中用“should、could、would、might+ 动词原形”。 例如：If he lived here，he would help us out. 3.条件表示与将来事实相反。 条件句中通常用“A.过去式；B.should+动词原形；C. were to+动词原形”，主句中用“should、could、would、might+动词原形”。 例如：If I went home tonight，I would tell you about it. 二、虚拟语气的一些其它用法 1.当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were、should、had时，if可省略，而将were、should、had等词置于句首。 A.Had he learnt about computers， we would have hired him to work here. B.Were I you，I wouldnrsquo;t do this like that. (If I were you，….) 2、虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作所虚拟的时间不一致，这种情况称为“错综虚拟条件句”。 A.If I had worked hard at school，I would be an engineer now. B.If I had taken your advice，I wouldnrsquo;t be here suffering from such hard work now. C.If you had taken my advice，you wouldnrsquo;t be in hospital now. 3.as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式。 A.They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. B.He often talks as if he were the hero himself. 4.demand、suggest、order、insist后接的从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。通常能跟这样的宾语从句的动词还有command、desire、propose、request等。 A.He suggested that we not change our mind. B.He suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 5.wish后的从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式或者“should/would+动词原形”表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反。 I wish I could be a pop singer. 6.在“It is necessary/important/strange that…，It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that…”等从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， should可以省略。 It is strange that such a person should be our friends.