很高的热容量52bimetallicstripthermometeranothernonelectrical.ppt

Chapter 5 Temperature Measurement 5.1 Liquid in Glass Thermometer 5.2 Bimetallic Strip Thermometer 5.3 Resistance Thermometer and Thermistor 5.4 Thermocouple Electrical methods (4) Electrical resistance pyrometers (5) Thermocouple pyrometers (6） （i）Total radiation pyrometers (ii) Photoelectric pyrometers (iii) Optical pyrometers. 5.1 Liquid in Glass Thermometer Mercury is usually used in glass thermometers although other liquids, such as alcohol and pentane, which have lower freezing temperatures than mercury and do not cause contamination through breakage, are also used. 5.2 Bimetallic Strip Thermometer Another nonelectrical temperature-measuring device used in simple control system is the bimetallic strip. As illustrated in Fig.5.2, The essential characteristics of these thermometers are: Inexpensive: often used instead of liquid in glass thermometers. Compact: the volume of metal used in the protective sheath is small and thus of low thermal capacity, reducing lag. Robust: good resistance to mechanical shock owing to freely floating spindle. 5.3 Resistance Thermometer and Thermistor A resistance thermometer for temperature measurement is constructed of metallic wire wound around a ceramic or glass core and hermetically sealed. 1 Law of leadwire temperature 2 Law of intermediate leadwire metals 热电偶测温的基本原理：是把两种不同成分的材质导体（称为热电偶丝材或热电极）组成闭合回路，当结合点两端的温度不同，存在温度梯度时，回路中就会有电流通过，此时两端就存在电动势——热电动势，这就是所谓的西伯克效应。 As we will see later in this section, the relationship between voltage and temperature difference is not exactly linear. However, over a small temperature range, α is nearly constant. 后面会介绍到其实电压与温度的差值并不是一线性关系，只是在温度很小的范围内近似取常数。 Secondary thermoelectric effects, known as the Peltier and Thompson effects, are associated with current flow in the thermocouple circuit, but these are usually negligible in measurement systems when compared with the Seebeck effect. 热电效应还伴随有珀尔帖效应和汤普森效应（电流流过不同导体的界面时，将从外界吸收热量或向外界放出热量的现象），它们与流经热电偶电路的电流有关，与西伯克效应相比时在