语法讲义 专题七--不定代词.ppt

语法讲义 专题七 不定代词 不定代词含义 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。 常见的不定代词有： some (something/someone/ somebody/ somewhere); any (anything/ anybody/ anyone/ anywhere); no (nothing/nobody/ no one); every (everything/ everybody/ everyone/everywhere) All, each, much, many, (a) little, (a) few, other (s), another, none, one, either, neither. 句法功能 作主语---Both (of us) are right. All is going well. 作宾语---I like none of the books. If you have any, give me some. 作表语---I’m not somebody, I’m nobody. That’s really something. 作定语---You may take either road. Every room is clean and tidy. 作同位语– they both agreed to stay here. 用法---all 1.all 表抽象的整体概念时，作单数，相当于everything. All was destroyed in the big fire 2.all 指人是作复数，意为三者或以上的全部，相当于everyone, All are present (都出席了) 3.all在人称代词前面，只能用all of, 而且要与人称代词的宾格us, you, them等连用。 如all of us,不能说all us. 用法----every 1. every用于三个或以上的人或物，是“每一个”的意思，只能作定语，强调整体概念。Every player is present. 2.表示“每个”“全体”意思时，every的意思与all很接近。但一般情况下，every和单数名词搭配，all和复数名词搭配。 Every child enjoys Christmas. All children enjoy Christmas. 用法----each Each 是指”每一个“的意思，但与every不同，each用于指两个或以上的人或物，着重于个别概念。 Two men came into the room. Each carried an umbrella. Each book on his desk is worth reading. 用法---some any 1. some, any 都是“一些”的意思，都可与可数名词或不可数名词连用。Some一般用于肯定句中，而any则用于否定，疑问或条件从句中。 Tom has some picture-books. If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me. 2.表请求，建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中， 应用some而不用any. Would you please give me some paper? Would you like some sugar. 3.some还可用于盼望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。Isn’t there some ink in that bottle、 4.当any表示“任何”或“无论哪一个”的意义时，可用于肯定句，此时any要重读。You may come at any time that is convenient to you. 5. some, any 与body,one,thing构成合成代词，其用法区别与其本身间区别一样。如果要在疑问句中表示请求，建议等肯定的意思或者盼望得到肯定的答复，用somebody,someone,something. 用法---many,much,few, little 1.many(很多）few(很少) a few(有几个）是表示数的代词，用于代替或修饰可数名词；much(很多）little（很少）a little(有一些）是表示量的代词，用于代替或修饰不可数名词，a few, a little表肯定意义，而few，little表否定意义。这些词一般用来作定语，有时也作主语或宾语。 She has as many books as you. I have few books to lend you Many have come to the meeting. Th