美国刑事司法制度ploice, race and racism.pptVIP

II POLICING, “RACE” AND RACISM POLICING AND PUBLIC DISORDER A SORT OF REVENGE AGAINST THE POLICE  85% of respondents to Reading the Riots study said policing was an important or very important factor in why the riots happened Again and again, rioters from different parts of the country described the police as a gang” Shooting of Mark Duggan resonates with more mundane, routine abuse of police powers  POLICING AND THE LEGITIMATE USE OF FORCE “The only reason to maintain police in modern society is to make available a group of persons with a virtually unrestricted right to use violent and, when necessary, lethal means to bring certain types of situations under control. That fact is as fundamentally offensive to core values of modern society as it is unchangeable. To reconcile itself to its police, modern society must wrap it in concealments and circumlocutions that sponsor the appearance that the police are either something other than what they are or are principally engaged in doing something else… To the extent that these circumlocutions worked, they worked by wrapping police in aspirations and values that are extremely powerful and unquestionably good” PROCEDURAL JUSTICE AND LEGITIMACY “If people perceive the police to be procedurally fair and if they trust their motives in behaving the way that they do, all current evidence suggest they are not only more likely to actively cooperate by reporting crime, cooperating in investigations, providing witness evidence, even intervening in situations of low-level deviance and incivility. They are also more likely to defer to officer’s instructions and obey the laws that the police in many ways still embody. In the long run, the fight against crime might be more efficiently, more cost-effectively, and certainly more ethically served by treating the public with fairness, dignity, and respect than by instigating another ‘crack-down’ on crime”. Jackson, J., and Bradford, B. (2010) ‘What is Trust and C