唐斌-数字信号处理课件-chp6 第2讲2.pptVIP

6.4 Transposed forms reserve the direction of all branches in the network while keeping the branch gain unchanged interchange the input and output nodes Flow graph reversal or transposition: For single-input, single-output systems, the resulting flow graph has the same system function as the original graph. Eg 6.8 Transposed form for a basic second-order section transposed form direct form I transposed direct form I direct form II transposed direct form II (canonic structure) implement the poles first and then the zeros implement the zeros first and then the poles When the transposition theorem is applied to cascade or parallel structures, the individual second-order systems are replaced by transposed structures. A variety of implementation structures exists or any given rational system function. The transposed theorem provides a simple procedure for generating new structures. 6.5 Basic network structures for FIR systems Direct Form Cascade Form Frequency-sampling Form Structures for linear-phase FIR systems FIR system 6.5.1 Direct Form 需M个延时单元和（M+1）个乘法器 不方便控制零点 tapped delay line structure or transversal filer structure 特点 transposition 6.5.2 Cascade Form (real) three multipliers two multipliers delayer: M ; multiplier: 3Ms or 2Ms 特点: 需要M个延时单元，(3Ms)或(2Ms )个乘法器 每个基本节只控制系统一对零点，调整b1k , b2k可以单独改变系统第 k 对零点，能准确实现系统零点，便于调整频率特性，但存在误差传递。 有Ms！种实现方案，当采用有限字长时，不同方案误差不同。 三乘法器的基本节可方便调整各节点上信号的大小，避免超出动态范围，常用于定点运算；二乘法器的基本节计算量小，常用于浮点运算。 6.5.3 Structures for Linear-phase FIR SY Sufficient condition for a causal FIR system to have generalized linear phase Four types generalized linear-phase FIR systems Type I h[M-n]=h[n], M even Type II h[M-n]=h[n], M odd Type III h[M-n]=-h[n], M even Type IV h[M-n]=-h[n], M odd Direct form structure for linear-phase FIR SY M is even (type I or III) = Type I Delayer: M Multiplier:（M/2+1） Type III Delayer: M Multiplier: M/2 M