总论、肠道线虫.ppt

人体寄生虫学;医学寄生虫学(Medical parasitology)  Medical parasitology，the study of animality pathogen动物性病原体 harming human health, is one of basic science of preventive medicine and clinical medicine. It studies the pathogenic parasites寄生虫 and their relationships to the hosts宿主 and environment. it consists of medical protozoology医学原虫学, medical helminthology医学蠕虫学 and medical entomology医学节肢动物学.;;A large mass of Ascaris lumbricoides that was passed from the intestinal tract.? The ruler at the bottom of the image is 4 cm (about 1.5 inches) in length. ; ;;Filariasis ：76国，9000万人感染 Leishmaniasis ：非、美、欧、亚， 1300万人感染 Trypanosomiasis(锥虫病)：非洲锥虫病 30万人感染美洲锥虫病 南美洲1800万人感染; Malaria 30万 Schistosomiasis 约70万(03年100万) Filariasis 近期将被消灭 Leishmaniasis 300~400例/年 Hookworm disease 2亿多(3930万) ; ;;流行新趋向;我国重点防治的寄生虫病;我国寄生虫病流行情况;;一、寄生现象(Parasitism);1.共栖（commensalism);2.互利共生（mutualism);3.寄生（parasitism）;（二）寄生虫对寄生生活的适应;(三)生活史 (life cycle) The parasitic life cycle is the obligatory of parasites for their growth, development and multiplication that may be accomplished in their host (or hosts) or environment. 直接型生活史：不需要中间宿主 间接型生活史：需要中间宿主;1.生活史过程;2.感染期 (infection stage);3.感染途径(Route of infection): Mouth Skin Contact Vector 4.排离方式(Pattern left man ) Stool Urine Bronchial Secretion Vector;寄生虫生活史模式图;二、寄生虫的分类和类别;学名的双名制 (binominal system);; 5.机会致病性寄生虫： (opportunistic parasite) 在宿主免疫功能正常时处于非致病的隐性感染状态，当宿主免疫功能受损时，可出现异常增殖和致病力增强使人致病的寄生虫。（弓形虫）;(二)宿主的类别(types of the host) ;3.保虫宿主 (reservoir host) A vertebrate harbors parasite in nature and which serves as a source of infective organism for human. (肺吸虫成虫感染的狗和野生动物等);4.转续缩主 (paratenic host) If a host acts as a transporting agent (vehicle) for the parasite and in which the parasite dose not undergo any development during waiting for an obligatory host, usually the definitive host (肺吸虫幼虫-猪);三、寄生虫与宿主的相互作用  (host-parasite interplay);(二)宿主对寄生虫的防御(immune responses）;2.获得性免疫;(2)非消除性免疫(non-sterilizing immunity) 寄生虫感染后，宿主不能完全清除已