ICCM精品课件-Chap004.pptVIP

Trompenaars’ Cultural Dimensions Specific vs. Diffuse Specific: large public space shared with others and small private space guarded closely High specific cultures: people open, extroverted; strong separation work and personal life (e.g., Austria, U.K., U.S.) Diffuse: public and private spaces similar size, public space guarded because shared with private space; people indirect and introverted, work/private life closely linked (e.g., Venezuela, China, Spain) Trompenaars’ Cultural Dimensions Achievement vs. Ascription （归属） Achievement culture: status based on how well perform functions (Austria, Switzerland, U.S.) Ascription culture: status based on who or what person is (e.g., Venezuela, China, Indonesia) Trompenaars’ Cultural Dimensions Time Sequential: only one activity at a time; appointments kept strictly, follow plans as laid out (U.S.) Synchronous: multi-task, appointments are approximate, schedules subordinate to relationships (e.g., France, Mexico) Present vs. Future: Future more important (Italy, U.S., Germany) Present more important (Venezuela, Indonesia All 3 time periods equally important (France, Belgium Trompenaars’ Cultural Dimensions The Environment Inner-directed: people believe in control of outcomes (U.S., Switzerland, Greece, Japan) Outer-directed: people believe in letting things take own course (China, many other Asian countries) Integrating Culture and Management: The GLOBE Project GLOBE: Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness. Project extends and integrates previous analyses of cultural attributes and variables. Evaluates nine different cultural attributes using middle managers from 951 organizations in 62 countries. Multi-cultural team of 170 scholars from around the world worked together to survey 17,000 managers in 3 industries: financial services, food processing, and telecommunications. Covered every major geographic region of the world. The GLOBE Project The 9 Dimensions of the GLOBE Project: Uncertainty avoi