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statistics 2015精品课件-chap009修改.ppt

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Estimation and Confidence Intervals（估计与置信区间） Chapter 9 GOALS Define a point estimate（点估计）. Define level of confidence（置信水平）. Construct a confidence interval for the population mean when the population standard deviation is known. GOALS 4. Construct a confidence interval for a population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown. 5. Construct a confidence interval for a population proportion（总体比例）. 6. Determine the sample size for attribute and variable sampling. Point Estimates and Con?dence Intervals for a Mean We will consider two cases, where （1）The population standard deviation (σ ) is known, （2）The population standard deviation is unknown. In this case we substitute the sample standard deviation (s) for the population standard deviation ( σ). Population Standard Deviation (σ) Known A point estimate is a single statistic used to estimate a population parameter. Suppose Best Buy, Inc., wants to estimate the mean age of buyers of HD plasma televisions. It selects a random sample of 40 recent purchasers, determines the age of each purchaser, and computes the mean age of the buyers in the sample. The mean of this sample is a point estimate of the mean of the population. Population Standard Deviation (σ) Known A point estimate is the statistic (single value), computed from sample information, which is used to estimate the population parameter. The sample mean is a point estimate of the population mean, μ; p, a sample proportion, is a point estimate of π, the population proportion; and s, the sample standard deviation, is a point estimate of σ the population standard deviation. Population Standard Deviation (σ) Known A confidence interval estimate is a range of values constructed from sample data so that the population parameter is likely to occur within that range at a specified probability. The specified probability is called the level of confidence（置信水平）. A confidence interval estimate For reasonably large samples, the results of the centra