崔银秋-分子生物学-CHAPTER 12 Mechanisms of Transcription.pptVIP

3-18 chapter12:mechanisms of transcription Chapter 12 Mechanisms of Transcription Ch 12: Mechanisms of transcription Ch 13: RNA splicing Ch 14: Translation Ch 15: The genetic code Transcription cycle RNA polymerase The transcription cycle in bacteria Transcription in eukaryotes 2.RNA polymerase  RNA polymerases performs essentially the same reaction in all cells Bacteria have only a single RNA polymerases while in eukaryotic cells there are three: RNA Pol I, II and III RNA Pol II is the focus of eukaryotic transcription, because it is the most studied polymerase, and is also responsible for transcribing most genes-indeed, essentially all protein-encoding genes RNA Pol I transcribe the large ribosomal RNA precursor gene RNA Pol III transcribe tRNA gene, some small nuclear RNA genes and the 5S rRNA genes The bacterial RNA polymerase “Crab claw” shape of RNAP (The shape of DNA pol is__) InitiationElongationTermination  The predominant s factor in E. coli is s70. Promoter recognized by s70 contains two conserved sequences (-35 and –10 regions/elements) separated by a non-specific stretch of 17-19 nt. Position +1 is the transcription start site. The σ factor mediates binding of polymerase to the promoter Binding of –35 Two helices within region 4 form a common DNA-binding motif, called a helix-turn-helix motif Interaction with –10 is more elaborate and less understood The -10 region is within DNA melting region The a helix recognizing –10 can interacts with bases on the non-template strand to stabilize the melted DNA. UP-element is recognized by a carboxyl terminal domain of the a-subunit (aCTD), but not byσfactor InitiationElongationTermination Transition to the open complex changes in the promoter DNA structural changes in RNA polymerase structural change in the polymerase 1. the b and b’ pincers down tightly on the downstream DNA 2. A major shift occurs in the N-terminal region of s (region 1.1) shifts. In the closed complex,