清华大学-生产计划与控制：PPC-L09-Inventory-Control-B-3.pdfVIP

Lecture 9Lecture 9 Inventory ControlInventory Control Subject to Uncertain DemandSubject to Uncertain Demand (3)(3) Ye ChengYe Cheng Dept. of Industrial EngineeringDept. of Industrial Engineering Tsinghua UniversityTsinghua University 1 Service Levels in (Q, R) Systems It is difficult to determine an exact value for the stock-out cost p Loss of goodwill Potential delays to other area of the system Service level：the probability that a demand or a collection of demands is met Type 1 service Type 2 service Ye Cheng, Dept. IE, Tsinghua University                            PPC                  Lecture 9  Inventory Control Subject to Uncertain Demand (3) 2 Type 1 Service Service level α , the probability of not stocking out in the lead time To determine the optimal (Q, R) Determine R to satisfy the equation F(R) = α Set Q = EOQ α is the proportion of cycles in which no stock-out occurs A shortage occurrence has the same result independent of its time or amount e.g., a production line is stopped whether 1 unit or 100 units are short Ye Cheng, Dept. IE, Tsinghua University                            PPC                  Lecture 9  Inventory Control Subject to Uncertain Demand (3) 3 Type 2 Service Service level β , the proportion of demands that are met from stock 1 – β = n(R) / Q , the average fraction of demands that stock out each cycle Use the EOQ to estimate the lot size EOQ is not optimal, but close to optimal Find R to solve n(R) = EOQ(1 – β ) Ye Cheng, Dept. IE, Tsinghua University                            PPC                  Lecture 9  Inventory Control Subject to Uncertain Demand (3) 4 Example of Service Levels in (Q, R) Systems Harvey’s Specialty Shop. Harvey feels