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Chapter 6 Dose Dependent Effect of Progesterone on Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Newborn Rats Oubeidallah Hichri, Jean-C Laurin, Cécile A. Julien, Vincent Joseph, and Aida Bairam Abstract The effect of progesterone as a respiratory stimulant in newborn subjects is less known than that in adults. This study investigated the dose-response curve (0, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg, ip) of progesterone on ventilation in non-anesthetized newborn rats at 4- and 12-days old using plethysmo- graphy. Progesterone had no effects in the regulation of normoxic ventilation. However, it enhanced the response to moderate hypoxia (FiO 12%, 20 min) in 4- but not in 12-days old pups. This response 2 was similar between the dose of 4 and 8 mg/kg. These observations suggested that progesterone enhances in age- and dose-dependent manner the hypoxic ventilatory response in newborn rats. Keywords Hypoxia • Progesterone • Newborn rat 6.1 Introduction In adult mammalian species including human, progesterone is a well-known respiratory stimulant, acting peripherally (carotid body) and centrally (brainstem structure) to increase ventilation in response to hypoxia (HVR) (Behan and Wenninger 2008) . Recent studies show that progesterone is also a respira- tory stimulant in newborn rats. Ten-day-old rats chronically exposed to progesterone through the milk of lactating mother show an increase of HVR with a signi fi cant decrease in apnea frequency during O. Hichri • J.-C. Laurin • C.A. Julien Unité de Recherche en Périnatologie, Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise , Université Laval , 10, rue de l’Espinay , Québec , QC G1L 3L5 , Canada V. Joseph Unité de Recherche en Périnatologie, Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise , Université Laval , 10, rue