P2.3. Neuropathies et neurodégénérescence.pdfVIP

Ca2+ Signaling and P2 Receptors in Airway Smooth Muscle ˜ ´ Luis M. Montano, Edgar Flores-Soto, and Carlos Barajas-Lopez Contents 1 Introduction 382 2 ATP Induces Contraction 383 3 P2X Receptors . 383 4 P2Y Receptors . 385 5 ATP Induces Relaxation 386 References 390 0 Abstract Adenosine 5 -triphosphate (ATP) acts as an extracellular mediator with direct biological effects mediated by purinergic 2 (P2) receptors in different tissues, including the respiratory system. ATP is hydrolyzed by ectonucleotidases, enzymes bound to the plasma membrane. There are three major families of ATP-hydrolyzing ectonucleotidases: the ectonucleotide triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases, and the alkaline phos- phatases. ATP induces a biphasic response (a contraction followed by a relaxation) in airway smooth muscle of different species (guinea pig and rat), including human bronchial rings. In the majority of the species, ATP-induced contraction is associated to an increment of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+] ) mediated i by stimulation of P2Y or P2X receptors in the airway smooth muscle. In the guinea- pig airway smooth muscle the contraction is mediated by bronchoconstrictor prostaglandins (thromboxane) and involves P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors on the airway ˜ L.M. Montano (*) • E. Flores-Soto ´ ´ Departamento de Farmacologıa, Edificio de Investigacion, sexto piso, laboratorio 3,