无论直译.pptVIP

1.4 Translation Strategies 1.4.1 Literal Translation and Free Translation Literal translation, also called word-for-word translation, is ideally the segmentation of the source language text into individual words and target language rendering of those word-segments one at a time. This ideal is often literally impossible. For example, an inflected word in an agglutinative source language can almost never be replaced with a single word in an isolative target language, and, even when literally possible, the result is often unreadable. Hence most so-called literal translations are in fact compromises with the ideal: looser rendi-tions that replace individual source language words with individual target language words whereveT possible, and cling as closely as possible to ihe source language woTd order in the target language (Baker 2001: 125). Free translation, also known as sense-for-sense translation, emphasizes transfer of the meaning or spirit of a source text over accurate reproduction of the original wording. The purpose of sense-for-sense translation is to accommodate the needs of the target language reader by producing a text which conforms to the linguistic and textual norms of the target language and culture and which does not therefore sound foreign (Shuttleworth Cowie 1997: 151). By the 1980s, Chinese scholars seem to have reached a general consensus which favors literal translation wherever possible and free translation whenever literal translation is not a good choice. Translation practice has proven that literal translation and free translation are not contradictory but complementary. 无论直译、意译，都要符合“忠实、通顺”的标准〔 许渊冲1984:5 ）。 当译文的形式和原文的形式一致的时候，就无所谓直译、意译。如把Disasters never come single译成“祸不单行”，内容和形式都忠实于原文，既可以说是直译，也可以说是意译。 当译文的形式和原文的形式不一致的时候，就有直译或意译的问题，而且直译可以有程度不同的直译、意译也可以有程度不同的意译、如： He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen major of Chicago. (J. London) ① 他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会几乎差不多。（直译的程度最大） ② 他要找到工作简直跟要当选芝加哥市长同样困难。（直译的程度减少，意译的程度增加） ③ 他