英语单词词源词典 e.docVIP

em M.E., now taken as an abbreviation of them, but originally a form of hem, dative and accusative of the third person plural pronoun. -ectomy surgical removal, from Gk. -ektomia a cutting out of, from ektemnein to cut out, from ek out + temnein to cut. -ed pp. suffix of weak verbs, from O.E. -ed, -ad, -od (leveled to -ed in M.E.), from P.Gmc. *-do-, from PIE *-to- (cf. Gk. -tos, L. -tus). Originally fully pronounced, as still in beloved (which, with blessed, accursed, and a few others retains the full pronunciation through liturgical readings). In 16c.-18c. often written -t when so pronounced (usually after a consonant or short vowel), and still so where a long vowel in the stem is short in the pp. (crept, slept, etc.). In some older words both forms exist, with different shades of meaning, cf. gilded/gilt, burned/burnt. -emia medical suffix, condition of the blood, from comb. form of Gk. haima (gen. haimatos) blood, possibly from PIE base *sai- thick liquid. -ence suffix attached to verbs to form nouns of process or fact (convergence from converge), or of state or quality (absence from absent); from O.Fr. -ance, from L. -entia/-antia (from -ent- participle stem + -ia suffix forming nouns of condition or quality). The L. variants -entia and -antia were mostly leveled to -ance in O.Fr., but words borrowed later by Eng. directly from L. sometimes kept their L. vowels (diligence, absence), and others have since c.1500 been re-spelled to conform with L., causing much irregularity (attendance, but superintendence, etc.). -ent suffix forming adjectives from nouns or verbs, from Fr. -ent, from L. -entem, pp. ending of verbs in -ere/-ire. O.Fr. changed many to -ant but after c.1500 some in Eng. were changed back to what was supposed to be correct L. -ese suffix from O.Fr. -eis (modern Fr. -ois, -ais), from V.L., from L. -ensem belonging to or originating in. -ess fem. suffix, from Fr. -esse, from L.L. -issa, from Gk. -issa (cognate with O.E. fem. agent suffi