生物化学原理教学（杨荣武）Chapter1 Amino acids.pptVIP

Outline Structure and classification of AA Properties and function of AA Separation and purification of AA (self-study) Proteinogenic AA or canonical AA. Encoded by genetic codes and directly introduced into protein during translation Differ in side chain (R group) 20 commonly found All organisms have same set of 20 2 rarely found (selenocysteine and pyrrolysine) Non-proteinogenic AA or non-canonical AA Never directly introduced into proteins during translation Can be naturally-occurring or chemical modifications of proteinogenic AA Separating amino acids in mixtures is usually based on relative differences in their physical and chemical traits. These are all mediated by their “R” or functional groups. The general strategy is to exploit the ability of a given amino acid to partition between two different phases. It could be two liquid phases, a solid-liquid phase, or a gas-liquid phase. In particular, solid-liquid phase methods are routinely used, the procedure being termed chromatography. Typically, the first strategy is to exploit any charge differences among the amino acids at a given pH. This is done by ion-exchange chromatography. Separation and Analysis of AA Mixtures Electrophoresis A mixture of histidine, serine, and glutamic acid can be separated by electrophoresis at pH = 5.68. - + negatively charged (deprotonated) glutamic acid serine at its isoelectric point at pH = 5.68 positively charged (protonated) histidine Separation of Ala, Lys and Asp by Electrophoresis Unfortunately, amino acids are not colored as described in this overhead. Therefore, what methods would you use to first check if an amino acid is indeed present? Amino Acid Separation * Chapter 1 Amino acids Different side-chain (R group) Different chemical and physical properties Amino group Carboxylic acid group Amino acid structure Proteinogenic AA non-protenogenic AA Aliphatic Aromatic Sulfur containing Polar/uncharged basic/acidic Hydrophobic: water fearing. non-polar side chain