英语：独立主格结构.ppt.Convertor.docVIP

独立主格结构 The Absolute Structure 概念 独立主格结构（the absolute structure）是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 特点 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 1）Night enshrouding the earth，nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．（黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。） Because night enshrouded the earth， nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance． 2）He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．（他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。） He lay at full length upon his stomach．His head rested upon his left forearm. 3）The coward was backing，his face being deathly pale， toward another room．（那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。）The coward was backing toward another room．His face was deathly pale. 独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。 形式 名词/主格代词+现在分词 名词/主格代词+过去分词 名词/主格代词+不定式 名词/主格代词+形容词 名词/主格代词+副词 名词/主格代词+介词短语 There being +名词（代词） It being +名词（代词） 名词/主格代词+现在分词 名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系 　The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn‘t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 　　Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 名词/主格代词+过去分词 名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。 The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 　　Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 名词/主格代词+不定式 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。 He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 　　They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。 名词/主格代词+形容词 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 名词/主格代词+副词 He put on his sweater wrong side out.