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Communication Learning Objectives Explain the elements in the communication process Compare the four major directions of communication Describe the role played by interpersonal communication in organizations Discuss multicultural communication Identify barriers to effective communication Describe ways in which communication in organizations can be improved Introduction Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling all involve communicative activity The glue that holds organizations together The Importance of Communication The Importance of Communication The Importance of Communication Communication itself is unavoidable in a functioning organization Only effective communication is avoidable Everything one does communicates something, in some way, to somebody The only question is, “With what effect?” The Communication Process How Communication Works Effective communication Common understanding between a communicator and a receiver Verbal or nonverbal common symbols are used to convey information In an organizational, information flows Vertically Horizontally Diagonally A Communication Model The Elements of Communication Communicator: a person with ideas, intentions, information, and a purpose for communicating Message: an idea or experience that a sender wants to communicate Encoding: converting a message into groups of symbols that represent ideas or concepts Medium of transmission: the carrier of the message Decoding-Receiver: technical term for the receiver’s thought processes Feedback: the receiver’s response to the sender’s message Noise: factors that distort the intended message Nonverbal Communication Messages sent via physical signals Head, face, and eye movements, posture, physical distance, gestures, voice tone, and clothing choices Influenced by such factors as gender and race Just as important as verbal communication Sometimes more so Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Message Research Findings Communicating Within Organizations Communica