信号与系统双语课件chapter5.pptVIP

* CHAPTER 9 The Laplace Transform 9.1 The Laplace Transform 1 definition The Laplace transform of a general signal is define as where s is a general complex variable. We often use the notation Fourier transform Laplace transform 2 Regions of Convergence In general, the range of values of s for which the integral in this equation converge is referred to as the regions of Convergence (which we abbreviate as ROC). The complex value s can be written as . If we want the integral converge, then That is equal to A convenient way to display the ROC is in complex plane. The shaded region can represent ROC. s-plane Re（s）-a Re（s） -a Example We see that the algebraic expression for the Laplace transform is identical for both of this two signal. But the ROC is different. s-plane s-plane Consider a signal 3 Zeros and Poles Its Laplace transform In this example, the Laplace transform is rational. It is a ration of polynomials in the complex variable s, so that For rational Laplace transform, the roots of N(s)=0 is referred to as the zeros of X(s), and the roots of D(s)=0 is referred to as the poles of X(s). The representation of X(s) through its zeros and poles in the s-plane is referred to as the pole-zero plot of X(s). s-plane The location of zeros is indicated with “ ”, and location of poles is indicated “× ”. When ,the Laplace transform corresponds to the Fourier transform. So ,if the ROC include the Im-axis, the Fourier transform converges. s-plane s-plane For the figure (a), its Fourier transform converges. For the figure (b), it is not. 9.3 The inverse Laplace Transform For the class of rational transform, the inverse Laplace transform can be determine directly by using the technique partial-fraction expansion. Assuming no multiple-order poles, and assuming that the order of denominator polynomial is great than the order of the numerator polynomial, we can expand X(s) in the form: Inversion by Partial-Fraction Expansi