毒理学相关资料,第八章内容参考文献1.pdfVIP

Vet Path0135:461-478 (1998) REVIEW ARTICLE The Cell Cycle: A Review K. A. SCHAFER Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Chazy, NY Abstract. The cell cycle is a complex process that involves numerous regulatory proteins that direct the cell through a specific sequence of events culminating in mitosis and the production of two daughter cells. Central to this process are the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), which complex with the cyclin proteins. These proteins regulate the cell’s progression through the stages of the cell cycle and are in turn regulated by numerous proteins, including ~53, ~21, ~16, and cdc2.5. Downstream targets of cyclin-cdk complexes include pRb and E2E The cell cycle can be altered to the advantage of many viral agents, most notably polyomaviruses, pap- illomaviruses, and adenoviruses. The cell cycle often is dysregulated in neoplasia due to alterations either in oncogenes that indirectly affect the cell cycle or in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes that directly impact cell cycle regulation, such as pRb, ~53, ~16, cyclin DI, or mdm-2. The cell cycle hasbecomean intensesubject of researchin recentyears. This researchhasled to the developmentof techniquesusefulfor the determination of the effects of drugs and toxins on the cell cycle. Any drug or toxin with DNA damagingability would be expected to alter cell cycle progression,and therefore, the cell cycle should be consideredin the design of studiesusing such ch