Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Variable Reluctance Motors英文课件.ppt

ECE 8830 - Electric Drives Introduction Permanent magnet synchronous motors have the rotor winding replaced by permanent magnets. These motors have several advantages over synchronous motors with rotor field windings, including: Elimination of copper loss Higher power density and efficiency Lower rotor inertia Larger airgaps possible because of larger coercive force densities. Introduction (cont’d) Some disadvantages of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are: Loss of flexibility of field flux control Cost of high flux density permanent magnets is high Magnetic characteristics change with time Loss of magnetization above Curie temperature Permanent Magnets Advances in permanent magnetic materials over the last several years have had a dramatic impact on electric machines. Permanent magnet materials have special characteristics which must be taken into account in machine design. For example, the highest performance permanent magnets are brittle ceramics, some have chemical sensitivities, all have temperature sensitivity, and most have sensitivity to demagnetizing fields. Proper machine design requires understanding the materials well. B-H Loop A typical B-H loop for a permanent magnet is shown below. The portion of the curve in which permanent magnets are designed to operate in motors is the top left quadrant. This segment is referred to as the “demagnetizing curve” and is shown on the next slide. Demagnetizing Curve Demagnetizing Curve (cont’d) The remnant flux density Br will be available if the magnet is short-circuited. However, with an air gap there will be some demagnetization resulting in the no-load operating point, B’. Slope of no-load line is smaller with a larger air gap. With current flowing in the stator, there is further demagnetization of the permanent magnet causing the operating point to shift to C’ at full load. Demagnetizing Curve (cont’d) Transients or machine faults can lead to a worst-c