Hydrogen Workshop for Fleet Operators英文课件.ppt

Hydrogen Workshop for Fleet Operators Module 4, “Hydrogen Powertrains and Vehicles” Module 4 Outline Hydrogen-Powered Vehicle Pathway Conventional-fueled hybrids Hydrogen-fueled hybrids Hydrogen ICEs Hydrogen ICE Challenges How a Fuel Cell Works Fuel Cell Vehicle Benefits Fuel Cell Vehicle Challenges Hydrogen-Powered Vehicle Safety Hydrogen-Powered Vehicle Pathway Gasoline hybrid electric powertrain Increased fuel economy resulting in lower fuel consumption and lower emissions Hydrogen hybrid electric powertrain Hydrogen eliminates CO2 and CO emissions Properly tuned or with the addition of a lean NOx trap, can achieve zero NOx emissions Hydrogen ICEs Gasoline ICE Efficiency Rule of Thumb 30% output power 30% heat loss in exhaust 30% heat loss to coolant 10% heat loss to radiation Typical gasoline ICE engine 30% output power – 120 hp 30% heat loss in exhaust – 305,400 Btu/hr 30% heat loss to coolant – 305,400 Btu/hr 10% heat loss to radiation – 101,800 Btu/hr Hydrogen ICEs Hydrogen ICEs Hydrogen ICEs burn hydrogen directly with no other fuels and produce water vapor and NOx exhaust (no carbon to form CO or CO2) Isaac de Rivas built the first hydrogen-fueled IC vehicle in 1807 (unsuccessful design) Energy efficiency is 20 to 25% better than that of a gasoline ICE due to leaner AFR and higher compressions ratios Maintenance is much the same as a gasoline ICE 1.5 times the cost of an installed gasoline ICE Hydrogen ICEs Slightly modified version of a traditional gasoline ICE Higher compression ratio Increased air intake (turbocharger) Oil separator to eliminate hydrogen in the oil pan More sophisticated engine controls Special oil Special exhaust to withstand water Variable cylinders for increased efficiency Hydrogen ICEs Port injection Forms fuel-air mixture on intake stroke Injection at inlet port Uses mechanical cam to time injection Uses common rail fuel injectors Direct injection Forms fuel-air mixture inside combustion chamber Engine cannot backfire into intake