2014compiler课件Ch7_1章节.pptVIP

Chapter 7 Runtime Environment Fully Static and Stack-Based Runtime Environments Introduction In previous chapter we have studied the phases of a compiler These stages depend only on the properties of the source language. are completely independent Of the target (machine or assembly) language The properties of the target machine Operating system Last Stage The last stage of compile process is the code generation . Much of this task is dependent on the details of the target machine. The general characteristics of the code generation remains the same across a wide variety of architectures. Runtime Environment Runtime Environment is the structure of the target computer’s registers and memory that serves to manage memory and maintain the information needed to guide the execution process. Three kinds of run time environment Fully static environment (FORTRAN77) Stack-based environment (C, C++, PASCAL) Fully dynamic environment (LISP) Hybrids of these are also possible. Memory Organization Code Memory Data Area Only a small part of data can be assigned fixed locations before execution begins Global and/or static data Compile-time constants Large integer values Floating-point values Literal strings Dynamic Memory The memory area for the allocation of dynamic data can be organized in many different ways. A typical organization divides the dynamic memory into Memory Organization Procedure Activation Record An important unit of memory Procedure activation record contains memory allocated for the local data of a procedure or function when it is called, or activated. Registers Registers may be used to store temporaries, local variables, or even global variables. When a processor has many registers, the entire static area and whole activation records may be kept in the registers. Special purpose registers Calling Sequence The calling sequence is the sequence of operations that must occur when a procedure or function is called. Allocation of memory for the activati