系统开发方法sysdevday4introPM.pptVIP

System Development Methodology:Introduction to Project Management Wenjun Sun wjsun@hit.edu.cn 2008年9月17日 Agile Unified Process As the sages say What is Project Management? a method for organizing tasks a structured framework to help a group work productively tools to aid in task sequencing, dependency analysis, resource allocation, scheduling, etc. tools to track progress relative to plan Why Need Project Management? Complex project needs coordination of: Multiple people Multiple resources (labs, equipment, etc.) Multiple tasks – some must precede others Multiple decision points – approvals Phased expenditure of funds Matching of people/resources to tasks How Can Structured Tools Help? Provide a common document shared by all Track actual vs. planned progress Enforce logical consistency of planning Conservation of human energy Matching of skills/knowledge to task requirements Conservation of facilities/resources Identification of constraints in task sequencing VISUAL display helps to assure consistency Task Dependencies and the Critical Path Sometimes task B cannot be started before task A is completed Other types of constraints – calendar, lags, etc. Critical path – any slippage slips whole project Helpful to know what tasks are on the critical path Useful to try to shorten the critical path Visual Tools for Project Management GANTT charts: Tasks (calendar time) vs. linear time, grouped hierarchically, plus milestone events Classically, not person-hours or people, nor dependencies, nor critical path, nor progress All have been added to augmented GANTT charts PERT/CPM Charts PERT = Program Evaluation and Review Technique Graph with nodes (events), edges (tasks) dramatizes dependency relationships Task durations label edges If add critical path emphasis in chart, called a CPM chart (Not linear in time… harder to track progress) State of the Art Methods Best features of Gantt, PERT/CPM, and extensions to allow assignment of resources and tracking of progress typic