大学英语语法第2讲-非谓语动词PPT.pptVIP

2）作状语 注意：分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。判断对错： Waiting for a bus, a stone hit me. By swimming an hour everyday, Janes weight was reduced from 120 to 110 pounds. Made of plastic, I didnt expect the chairs would be that strong. 以上三句话应当分别改为： While I was waiting for the bus, a stone hit me. By swimming an hour everyday, Jane reduced her weight from 120 to 110 pounds. As the chairs were made of plastic, I didnt expect they would be that strong. 非谓语动词——分词 2）作状语 分词的独立结构 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语和主句谓语动词的一致性。否则，分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称为分词独立结构。　　The work done, they put away their tools and left the workshop.（= When the work has been done, they put away their tools and left the workshop.）　　His health failing, he decided to retire from office.（= Since his health failed, he decided to retire from office.） 非谓语动词——分词 第二讲 非谓语动词 （非限定动词） * 大学英语语法 Grammar 非谓语动词 概念：非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词、形容词和副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 特点：与谓语动词相比，非谓语动词既不能单独作谓语，其形式又不受主语的人称或数的限制。故又称为非限定动词。 分类：三种形式：动名词，不定式和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。 一、动名词 动名词是一种非谓语动词，形式为v+ing，与现在分词同形。 基本形式： 主动形式 被动形式 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 非谓语动词——动名词 A. 动名词的特点：兼具名词和动词的特征。 1. 动名词的动词特征：动名词可以有宾语，可以用状语修饰 （1）带宾语 a. He avoided giving us an answer. 动名词giving后有双宾语。 b. The doctor advised taking exercise. 动名词taking后有宾语exercise. （2）用状语修饰 a. I enjoy working with you. with you 是状语，修饰动名词working b. She doesn’t allow smoking in her house. in her house 是状语，修饰动名词smoking 非谓语动词——动名词 2. 动名词的名词特征即其语法功能：在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 （1）作主语 a. Smoking may cause cancer. b. Hunting for a job is not easy for those who have just graduated. c. It’s nice talking to you. It 是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语talking to you d. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 非谓语动词——动名词 【考试重点】 以下动词只能用动名词作宾语 admit 承认 appreciate 赞赏，感激 finish 完成 avoid 避免，避开 imagine 想象 miss 错过 practice 练习 delay 耽搁 mind 介意 consider 考虑 postpone 推迟 enjoy 享受 ris