独立主格结构语法讲解教师版.docxVIP

独立主格结构语法讲解独立主格结构由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。.逻辑主语若是代词，则需要用主格形式，故常称为“独立主格”。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。表示时间The meeting over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。　　The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。表示条件The condition being very good, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。　　He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and cold. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。表示补充说明We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。　　*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。一般独立主格形式一般形式名词/主格代词+现在分词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主动关系。　　The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。　　Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。名词/主格代词+过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是被动关系。　　The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。　　Her glasses broken(= Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。名词/主格代词+不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。　　He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。　　They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the o