英语语法--句子成分PPT.pptVIP

句法（一） ---by Elena 句子成分 定义：构成句子的各部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。 主要成分：主语、谓语 次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语、同位语 examples 1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主 语 谓 语 宾语 定语 同位语 状语 2. We saw a wonderful film yesterday evening. 3. English has become very useful in the world. 一、主语（SUBJECT） Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. 二、谓语 (PREDICATE) 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 三、宾语 （OBJECT）动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。 eg. He gave me some books. ↓ 间 接 宾 语 ↓ 直 接 宾 语 找出宾语： Please pass me the book. → 直接宾语： the book 间接宾语： me They enjoyed traveling abroad. → 宾语： traveling abroad 四、定语（ATTRIBUTE）修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. There are 54 students in our class. There is a sleeping baby in bed. (形容词) (数词) (现在分词) 五、状语（ ADVERBIAL ）表状态（时间、地点、原因等） I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. 六、表语（ PREDICATIVE）系动词后的成分，表主语的性质、特征、状态 常见系动词: be(am/is/are/were/was), appear, look, seem feel, smell, taste, sound, keep, turn, become get, grow, come, go…… 系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet.