英文Anthraquinones.ppt

Anthraquinones( 蒽 醌 ) Anthraquinones I. Overview Ⅱ. Classification Ⅲ. Chemical characteristics Ⅳ. Isolation Ⅴ. Spectroscopic methods of Identification I. Overview Anthraquinones compounds include anthraquinone derivatives as well as varying degrees of reduction products, such as oxanthranol, anthranol, anthrone and the dimer of anthrone and so on. 1, 4, 5, 8 bit of anthraquinone name as α-bit 2, 3, 6, 7-bit called β-bit 9, 10-bit known as meso-bit. Anthraquinone compounds distribute in less than 30 branches of higher plants in the natural world and there are high content of anthraquinone in Polygonaceae, buckthorn Branch, Rubiaceae, legumes, Liliaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and so on. It is also found in the lichen and fungi. Ⅱ. Classification 1. Natural anthraquinones always have the substituent of hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, methoxy, carboxyl and so on, and the vast majority of anthraquinone compounds containing hydroxyl. Ⅱ. Classification The anthraquinones in plant can exist in form of liberation or combined with sugar into the form of glycosides. The sugar of anthraquinone glycosides mostly is glucose, in addition to rhamnose, xylose and arabinose. 2. Alizarin type: Hydroxy distribute in the same side of benzene ring, such as the alizarin, purpurin, psedopurpurin and so on . (ii) Anthranol , anthrone derivatives (ii) Anthranol , anthrone derivatives (ii) Anthranol , anthrone derivatives Dianthrone derivatives can be seen as combined by two anthrone compounds. Sennoside A, B, C, D and so on, which are the the main active ingredient of purgation from senna and rhubarb, belong to these type. Ⅲ. Chemical properties 1. Acidity Acidity is the important properties for anthraquinones. The strength regularity of its acidity are as follows: anthraquinones with COOH with more than two β-OH with