植物学及园艺学英文版 第10章 遗传模式 Chapter10 Patterns of Inheritance.pptVIP

Codominance Another Punnett Square for a child who has a parent with type A blood and type O blood. Codominance Type O individuals (ii) are universal donors and type AB are universal recipients Polygenic Inheritance The final phenotype may depend on the additive effects of several genes. Pleiotropy Pleiotropy occurs when the alleles from a single gene have multiple phenotypic effects. Linkage Groups A linkage group is a set of genes located on the same chromosome. They will be inherited together Crossing-over may occur in prophase I of Meiosis I, which may split up these linkage group A child can have gene combinations not found in either parent alone The closer together two genes are to each other, the less likely crossing over would occur Autosomal and Sex Linkage Autosomes are chromosomes not directly involved in sex detrmination Sex Linkage occurs when genes are located on the chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual The Y chromosome is shorter than the X chromosome and has few genes for traits found on the X chromosome So, the X chromosome has many genes for which there is no matching gene on the Y chromosome Sex Linkage Males have both a Y chromosome with a few genes on it and the X chromosome has many of the recessive characteristics present on the X chromosome appear more frequently in males than females. X-linked genes are only found on the X chromosome Y-linked genes are only found on the Y chromosome Sex Linkage Color-Blindness Sex Linked Color Blindness Allele Symbols Possible Genotypes Phenotypes XB = normal color vision Xb =color-deficient vision Y= no gene for color vision Females (XBXB or XBXb) Males (XBY) Female with normal color vision Male with normal color vision Females(XbXb) Males (XbY) Female with color-defective vision Male with color-defective vision Sex Linkage One last Punnett Square for a mother who is homozygous for normal color vision, and a father who is color-defective vision Sex Linkage Chapter 10Patterns of Inheritan