广播视频用户手册第四章.pdf

Chapter 4 System testing 4.1 Digital video system testing Despite the fact that the data is digital, most DTV system testing relies on analog means and equipment. This is done for operator familiarity and convenience. Video may be “digital” but it originates from cameras, film, and computers. The main difference is that the analog video is converted early in the chain into digital or numeric representation. Since many picture parameters have basically the same meaning, differing only as analog and digital representations, it is natural to convert the digital data into analog format for many testing functions and for direct viewing. The objective is to assure that the video and other data is being correctly processed, stored and transported. 4.1.1 Test equipment The basic pieces of test equipment needed to test and monitor a DTV system are a signal generator, a video analyzer or waveform monitor and a picture monitor. Oscilloscopes are also useful for troubleshooting and viewing the signals of SDV systems. 4.1.2 Signal generation The generator provides a set of standardized test signals and test patterns having precisely controlled signal characteristics like signal amplitudes, data and formats. These test signals are commonly the digital represen- tations of traditional analog test signals such as color bars, luminance sweeps and sine-squared pulse and bar. For the unique test situations associated with digital video data systems, other test patterns have been added such as the equalizer and PLL pathological stressing patterns. Signal amplitudes and other characteristics are prescribed in the SMPTE or ITU-R standards. The digital transport signals are based on ECL-like levels of 800 mV p-p and risetimes of 400 ps to 1.5 ns (SD) and 270 ps (HD). The transport system impedance is 75Ω. 4.1.3 Signal and data analysis Analog video systems tend to degrade gracefully in linear fashion to the point where the degradation becomes noticeable in