Newton法在解非线性方程组.doc

本科学生毕业论文 Newton法在解非线性方程组 中的应用 黑 龙 江 工 程 学 院 二○一二年六月 The Graduation Design for Bachelors Degree Newton iterative method for system of nonlinear equations Heilongjiang Institute of Technology 2012-06·Harbin  摘 要 非线性方程组的数值解法在实际中有广泛的应用，特别是在各种非线性问题的科学计算中更显出它的重要性。而且，随着计算机的广泛应用，有更多的领域涉及到非线性方程组的求解问题，例如，动力系统，非线性有限元问题，非线性力学问题，还有非线性最优化与非线性规划问题等．因此，研究非线性方程组的解法就具有重要的实际意义。由于非线性方程组的复杂性，在解法上除了极特殊的非线性方程组外，直接法几乎是不能使用的，这需借助于迭代法来求解，牛顿法是求解非线性方程组的一个经典方法，由于它收敛快，直到现在还是重要的方法，很多新的算法都是基于牛顿法的基础上而得到的，因此不仅在实际计算中有重要作用，在理论上也是很有意义的。 本文研究的是用牛顿迭代法及其几种变型迭代算法来求解非线性方程组。分别给出了几种迭代法解非线性方程组的收敛性、收敛速度、计算量,比较了这些方法的优缺点。最后通过三个具体算例验证了本文的结论。 关键字：非线性方程组；迭代法；牛顿迭代法；简化牛顿法；牛顿下山法；计算量. Abstract The system of nonlinear equations of the numerical method is widely used in practice, especially in the variety of nonlinear problems in scientific computing. And, with the wide application of the computer, there are more related to the field of nonlinear equations to solve the problem, for example, dynamic system, nonlinear finite element, nonlinear mechanical problem, and nonlinear optimization and nonlinear programming problem and so on. Therefore, there is an important practical significance of studying on the solutions of nonlinear equations. Because of the complexity of solving nonlinear equations, except for very special nonlinear equations, the direct method is hardly used, so we need to resort to iterative method, Newton iterative method is a classical method for solving nonlinear equations, because of its fast convergence, until now it is very important, a lot of new algorithms are based on Newton method, thus, it not only plays an important role in actual calculation, but also is of great significance in theory. This paper studys that how to use Newton iterative method and its several variants of iterative algorithm to solve the nonlinear equations. Provide several iterative methods for solving systems of nonlinear equations convergence, convergence speed, amount of calculation, comparisons of the advantages and disa