CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics 宏观经济学 教学课件.pptVIP

Learning objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the Consumer Price Index (CPI) the Unemployment Rate 目录 1. 国内生产总值 (GDP) 1.1 GDP的两种定义 1.2 支出法计算 GDP 1.3 收入法计算 GDP 2. GNP 和其他数据 3. 消费物价指数 (CPI) 4. 失业率 5. 存量与流量 6. 本章小结 GDP 20世纪最重要的发现之一便是使用GDP. 萨缪尔森 Gross Domestic Product Two definitions: Total expenditure on domestically-produced final goods and services Total income earned by domestically-located factors of production Why expenditure = income The Circular Flow 最终产品，增值和 GDP 定义: 国内生产总值是在某一既定时期一个国家内生产的所有最终物品与劳务的市场价值。 ?“……所有的……”：GDP要成为全面的衡量，它包括了经济中生产并在市场上合法出售的所有东西。GDP还包括了租金和佣金的收入。 ?“……最终……”：GDP只计算最终物品的价值，而不包括中间物品，避免对中间物品的重复计算。 ?“……物品和劳务……”：GDP既包括有形的物品，也包括无形的劳务。 Value added definition: A firm’s value added is the value of its output  minus the value of the intermediate goods the firm used to produce that output. Exercise: (Problem 2, p. 38) A farmer grows a bushel of wheat and sells it to a miller for $1.00. The miller turns the wheat into flour and sells it to a baker for $3.00. The baker uses the flour to make a loaf of bread and sells it to an engineer for $6.00. The engineer eats the bread. Compute value added at each stage of production GDP Final goods, value added, and GDP GDP = value of final goods produced = sum of value added at all stages of production The value of the final goods already includes the value of the intermediate goods, so including intermediate goods in GDP would be double-counting. The expenditure components of GDP consumption investment government spending net exports Consumption (C) durable goods last a long time ex: cars, home appliances non-durable goodslast a short time ex: food, clothing serviceswork done for consumers ex: dry cleaning, air travel U.S. Consumption, 2002 Investment (I) def. 1: spending on [the factor of production] capital Def. 2: spending on goods bought for future use Includes: busi