Chapter 5 economy Contemporary British Culture and Society 英国社会与文化 教学课件.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Economy of Great Britain Overview 英国作为一个重要的贸易实体、經濟強國以及金融中心，是世界第五大经济体系，也是全球最富裕、經濟最發達和生活水準最高的國家之一。在过去的三十年间，政府大量减少了国有资产，并减缓了社会福利计划的发展。十八世紀時英國本地產小麥開始不敵北美廉價小麥，放棄大量種植小麥，大量從美洲進口糧產，逐漸轉以乳畜业为主，较为集中，高度机械化，并且效益十分高：1%的劳动人口能够满足大约60%的食品需要。英国拥有大量的煤、天然气和石油储备；英国的主要能源生产大约占总GDP的10%，在工业国家算是非常高的。服务业，特别是银行业、金融業、航運業、保险业以及商业服务业占GDP的比重最大，而且處於世界領導地位，首都倫敦更是世界數一數二的金融、航運和服務中心。尽管英国仍是欧洲最大的军火、石油产品、电脑、电视和手机的制造地，工业的重要性不断下降。 英國的教育、學術研究和科學研究亦處於世界領導地位，國際知名學府劍橋大學和牛津大學都位於英國，是美國以外全球最重要的教育樞紐。英國每年吸引不少來自世界各地的留學生慕名前來升學，不僅為國家帶來豐厚的外匯，也為這個屬知識型經濟體系的國家吸納不少人才。 英国的旅游业也相当重要：每年有超过2700万游客，排名世界第六，低于中国（3300万）而高于澳大利亚（1910万）。 Overview The United Kingdom is a major developed capitalist economy. It is the world‘s sixth largest by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity. It is the third largest economy in Europe after Germany’s and France‘s in nominal terms, and the third largest after Germany’s and Russia‘s in terms of purchasing power parity. Its GDP per capita is the 18th highest in the world. The United Kingdom is also a member of the G8, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organisation, and the European Union. The United Kingdom is one of the world‘s most globalised countries。 It is the second largest financial centre in the world after the US. The capital, London, is the worlds largest financial centre for international business and commerce and is one of four command centres for the global economy (along with New York City, Paris and Tokyo). Britain’s economy – is generally free enterprise, or capitalism, that is, most businesses are privately owned, but there is some public ownership such as coalmining, electricity, railways, oil and gas. Britain used to be known as the “workshop of the world”, the empire “that sun never sets”. During the 20th cent. the government has become involved in the economy through introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations. Manufacturing Major fie