DTM 4 Chapter 4 Digital Terrain Surface Modelling 数字地形模型.ppt

Digital Terrain Modelling Chapter 4 Digital Terrain Surface Modelling Wu Hao Contents 4.1 Basic concepts of surface modelling 4.2 Approaches for digital terrain surface modelling 4.3 The continuity of DTM surfaces 4.4 Triangular network formation for surface modelling 4.5 Grid network formation for surface modelling 4.1 The core problem: interpolation A DTM employs one or more mathematical functions to represent the surface according to some specific methods based on the set of measured data points. These mathematic functions are usually referred to as interpolation functions To estimate a missing value by taking some sort of average of known values at neighbouring points Interpolation vs Surface modelling Interpolation includes the whole process of estimating the elevation values of new points which may in turn be used for surface reconstruction covers a much wider scope surface modelling emphasizes the process of actually reconstructing the surface, which may not involve interpolation Surface modeling and DTM networks A network is a data structure implemented in a special pattern for surface modelling. Two major types of surface modeling are Surface Modeling with TIN and Surface modeling with GRID The topological relation for a regular grid is built-in (i.e. it is implicit) due to the special characteristics of the regular grid itself By contrast, in the case of triangle-based modelling, the distinction is very clear — the topological relationship needs to be sorted out to form a triangular network The main difference between network and the DTM surface It needs to be emphasized that a network is concerned mostly with the inter-relationship of the data points in the positional (planimetric) sense but not necessarily in the third dimension The DTM surface is constructed from the network and comprises a series of sub-surfaces which may or may not have continuity in the first derivative Surface modelling function: General polynomial The genera