education 英美国家概况 教学课件.pptVIP

Education in Britain I. Reform in Schools  From Tripartite System... It was not until the Education Act in 1944 that all children were given the right to free secondary (middle school) education. A “tripartite” system of secondary modern, technical and grammar schools selected 11 year-old children at the end of their primary education by means of an exam (eleven plus). Streaming -Top 20% attended grammar schools; universities; professionals and managers -Secondary moderns technical schools dealt with more practical subjects; manual workers skilled workers respectively. To Comprehensive System... In the 1950s -the tripartite system: not ensure equal educational opportunities or a meritocracy. In the 1960s -Comprehensive schools were introduced with the idea that pupils should not be selected streamed at such an early age. In the 1980s: 85% II. Schooling in the UK 1. Two types of Schools State Schools : These are totally funded by the government and are free to all British children. Independent (Private) Schools : These are funded by the fees charged to the parents. About 8% of British children attend Independent Schools Regulations do not permit international students to attend State Schools – they must attend Independent Schools State Schools in Britain Under the old system: Grammar schools, secondary moderns, and technicals New system: comprehensive schools Independent: private Experimental schools Public schools: 16th and 17th centuries -Harrow, Eton, Winchester and Marlborough -Leading figures in British political, commercial and military life 2. School Education Schooling is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years : total of 11 years -Soon to be extended to 18; Students follow the National Curriculum; There is no requirement to ‘graduate’; Those wishing to gain entry to university must complete an additional two years of A Level studies. 3. The Academic Year The Academic Year in British Schools and Colleges is divided into three terms: