Lecture2 英语专业教学课件.ppt

Chapter Two American Independence War Reason: strict rules made by English government prevented the economic development of the colonies. Significant events: In 1775, Lexington, beginning of the Independence War. June 4th ,1776, Thomas Jefferson , Declaration of Independence In1778， alliance with France, turning point for American army In 1778, English army surrendered. In 1783, formal recognition from Britain government In the 18th century, America experienced an age of reason with Franklin as its spokesman Numerous pamphlets and printings were published. These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the world. The 18th-century American Enlightenment was a movement marked by an emphasis on education and reason, rather than tradition. Enlightenment thinkers and writers were devoted to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality as the natural rights of man. It accelerates social progress, freeing people from the limitation set by prevailing Puritanism, making the spiritual preparation for American Revolution Leading writers and their works Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826): The Declaration of Independence (1776) Thomas Paine(1737-1809): Common Sense (1776) Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography Philip Freneau: “The Wild Honey Suckle” 1. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) His Plan was made up of 13 virtues, each with short descriptions: 1. Temperance: Eat not to dullness and drink not to elevation. 2. Silence: Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself. Avoid trifling conversation. 3. Order: Let all your things have their places. Let each part of your business have its time. 4. Resolution: Resolve to perform what you ought. Perform without fail what you resolve. 5. Frugality: Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself: i.e. Waste nothing. 6. Industry: Lose no time. Be always employed in something useful. Cut off all unnecessary actions. 7. Sincerity: Use no hurtful deceit. Think innocently and justly; and