Graphene-based optical modulator 超全面的石墨烯介绍.ppt

Challenge Its compatibility with the existing integrated electronics platform Reduce the total resistance of the circuit and the drive voltage Reduce the power consumption and chirp Conclusion Graphene is a novel material with very unusual properties Variety of possible practical applications. Digital devices have a bright and promising future. * Graphene and Graphene-based optical modulator Tinna Zhang 15th, June, 2011 Outline What is graphene? How it is made Properties Future Applications A graphene-based broadband optical modulator What is graphene? “Imagine a piece of paper but a million times thinner. This is how thick graphene is. Imagine a material stronger than diamond. This is how strong graphene is [in the plane]. Imagine a material more conducting than copper. This is how conductive graphene is. Imagine a machine that can test the same physics that scientists test in, say, CERN, but small enough to stand on top of your table. Graphene allows this to happen. Having such a material in hand, one can easily think of many useful things that can eventually come out. As concerns new physics, no one doubts about it already... From a recently interview with Andre Geim. Graphene: A Honeycomb Lattice Graphene is a one atom thick sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Graphene is: Impermeable to gas. 200 times stronger than steel. Conducts heat better than metal. Conducts electrons 2000X faster than silicon. 2-dimensional hexagonal lattice of carbon sp2 hybridized carbon atoms Basis for C-60 (fullerenes), nanotubes, and graphite Among strongest bonds in nature What is graphene? A. K. Geim K. S. Novoselov. The rise of graphene. Nature Materials Vol 6 183-191 (March 2007) 5 mm Andre Geim Kostya Novoselov The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 Lattice effects: Ripples in graphene 2D membranes embedded in 3D space have a tendency to get crumpled. These dangerous fluctuations can be suppressed by an anharmonic