PEF-Distillation 制药工程与设备基础　Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals　教学课件　.ppt

Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals Distillation Distillation Distillation Commercial Applications Applications Batch Distillation Laboratory display of distillation Continuous Distillation Continuous Distillation Idealized Distillation Model Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Azeotropes Methods of Distillation Differential Distillation Equilibrium Distillation Rectification Distillation Column Vertical cylindrical column Compact form Minimum ground requirements Separate stages (trays or packings) Vaporisation and condensation Column Internals Typical industrial distillation tower VL Contact on a Tray Composite Packed Column Random Packings Packed Columns vs. Plate Columns Azeotropic Distillation Close-boiling mixtures are more likely to exhibit azeotropism than wide-boiling mixtures; 300C An extraneous material, called an entrainer, is added to the mixture to make a distillation separation feasible. This entrainer will azeotrope with one of the components to give, A respectable relative volatility between the nonazeotroping component and the azeotrope (treated as a pseudocomponent). Typically, the azeotrope has the higher volatility and becomes the distillate product. Dehydration of Alcohol Dehydration of Alcohol Azeotropic Distillation Extractive Distillation To a binary mixture which is difficult or impossible to separate by ordinary means, an extractive agent or simply a solvent is added this material enhances the relative volatility of the key components by influencing the nonideality of the mixture. The solvent is normally a high-boiling material Extractive Distillation Extractive Distillation Steam Distillation Flow diagram for separation of toluene from methylcyclohexane (MCH), using phenol as the solvent. 陈慧萍 chenhuiping@ncu.edu.cn Liquid Mixtures Various Components Distillation Most widely used method The key operation in any oil refinery Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process. Distillation