unit 1 computerscience_2 计算机系统概论（双语课件）专业英语课件.ppt

Error –Correcting Codes * * Representing Sound The Binary System Binary notation is a means of representing a numeric value using the digits 0 and 1 rather than the ten digits o through 9 that are used in the more common base ten notational system. Storing Integers Two’s complement Notation Excess Notation Analog versus Digital Storing Fractions Floating Point Notation Truncation Errors Data Compression Lossless compression Lossy compression Compression Images GIF(Graphic Interchange Format ) Compression problem by reducing the number of colors that can be assigned to pixel to only 256. The red-green-blue combination for each of these colors is encoded using three bytes, and these 256 encoding are stored in a table(a dictionary) called the palettette. GIF is lossy compression system may not be identical to colors in original. JPEG(Joint Photographic Expert Group) Jpeg has proved to be an effective standard for compressing color photographs and is widely used in the photography industry, as witnessed by the fact that most digital cameras use JPEG as their default compression technique. Jpeg is lossless compression. TIFF(Toggle Image File Format) However ,the most popular use of TIFF is not as a means of data compression but instead as a standardized format for storing photographs along with related information such as time,date,and camera settings . In this context, the image itself is normally stored as red,green,and blue pixel components without compression. Compressing Audio Vedio MPEG(Motion Picture Expert Group) Most commonly used standards for encoding and compressing audio and video were mpeg under leadership of ISO. All MP3 conversion only. quality in CD and converted is some what different. Communication Errors Parity Bits Flash Drives In flash memory system, bits are stored by sending electronic signals directly to the storage medium where they cause electrons to be trapped in tiny chambers. File storage and Retrival Information stored in a mass s